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 美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表辦公室聲明

Washington, DC –  The United States and China have reached an historic and enforceable agreement on a Phase One trade deal that requires structural reforms and other changes to China’s economic and trade regime in theareas of intellectual property, technology transfer, agriculture, financial services, and currency and foreign exchange. The Phase One agreement also includes a commitment by China that it will make substantial additional purchases of U.S. goods and services in the comingyears.  Importantly, the agreement establishes a strong dispute resolution system that ensures prompt and effective implementation and enforcement. The United States has agreed to modify its Section 301 tariff actions in a significant way. 

美國(guó)和中國(guó)就第一階段貿(mào)易協(xié)議達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)具有歷史意義和可執(zhí)行的協(xié)議，該協(xié)議要求在知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、農(nóng)業(yè)、金融服務(wù)、貨幣和外匯等領(lǐng)域?qū)χ袊?guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易體制進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)性改革和其他改變。 第一階段協(xié)議還包括： 中國(guó)承諾在未來幾年內(nèi)增加購(gòu)買大量美國(guó)商品和服務(wù)。 更為重要的是，該協(xié)議建立了強(qiáng)有力的爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制，以確保迅速和有效地實(shí)施和執(zhí)行。 美國(guó)已同意大幅修改其根據(jù)301法案制定的關(guān)稅。

“President Trump has focused on concluding a Phase One agreement that achieves meaningful, fully-enforceable structural changes and begins rebalancing the U.S.-China trade relationship.  This unprecedented agreement accomplishes those very significant goals and would not have been possible without the President’s strong leadership,” said United States Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer.

貿(mào)易代表萊特希澤說：特朗普總統(tǒng)致力于達(dá)成第一階段的協(xié)議，實(shí)現(xiàn)有意義的、完全可執(zhí)行的結(jié)構(gòu)性轉(zhuǎn)變，并開始重新平衡美-中貿(mào)易關(guān)系。 這項(xiàng)史無前例的協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)了這些非常重要的目標(biāo)，如果沒有特朗普總統(tǒng)的強(qiáng)有力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，這是不可能的。”

“Today’s announcement of a Phase One agreement with China is another significant step forward in advancing President Trump’s economic agenda.  Thanks to the President’s leadership, this landmark agreement marks critical progress toward a more balanced trade relationship and a more level playing field for American workers and companies,” said Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin.

財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)姆欽說：“今天宣布的與中國(guó)達(dá)成的第一階段協(xié)議是推進(jìn)特朗普總統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)議程的又一重要步驟。 在總統(tǒng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，這一具有程碑式的協(xié)議標(biāo)志著（我們）朝著更平衡的貿(mào)易關(guān)系和為美國(guó)工人和公司提供更公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境的關(guān)鍵進(jìn)展。 ”

 The United States first imposed tariffs on imports from China based on the findings of the Section 301 investigation on China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation. The United States will be maintaining 25 percent tariffs on approximately $250 billion of Chinese imports, along with 7.5 percent tariffson approximately $120 billion of Chinese imports.

美國(guó)首次對(duì)來自中國(guó)的進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品征收關(guān)稅，是基于對(duì)中國(guó)在技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)和創(chuàng)新方面的行為、政策和做法進(jìn)行的301調(diào)查的結(jié)果。 美國(guó)將對(duì)大約2500億美元的中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品維持25%的關(guān)稅，對(duì)大約1200億美元的中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品維持7.5%的關(guān)稅。

Intellectual Property: The Intellectual Property (IP) chapter addresses numerous longstanding concerns in the areas of trade secrets, pharmaceutical-related intellectual property, geographical indications, trademarks, and enforcement against pirated and counterfeit goods. 

知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán):知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)章節(jié)涉及在商業(yè)秘密、與制藥相關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、地理標(biāo)識(shí)、商標(biāo)以及打擊盜版和假冒商品的執(zhí)法等領(lǐng)域中存在的眾多長(zhǎng)期問題。 

2. Technology Transfer: The Technology Transfer chapter sets out binding and enforceable obligations to addressseveral of the unfair technology transfer practices of China that were identified in USTR’s Section 301 investigation. For the first time in any trade agreement, China has agreed to end its long-standing practice of forcing orpressuring foreign companies to transfer their technology to Chinese companiesas a condition for obtaining market access, administrative approvals, orreceiving advantages from the government. China also commits to provide transparency, fairness, and due process in administrative proceedings and to have technology transfer and licensing take place on market terms. Separately, China further commits to refrain from directing or supporting outboundinvestments aimed at acquiring foreign technology pursuant to industrial plansthat create distortion. 

技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓:技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓章節(jié)規(guī)定了有約束力和可執(zhí)行的義務(wù)，以應(yīng)對(duì)美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表辦公室301調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的中國(guó)的若干不公平的技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓行為。 在所有貿(mào)易協(xié)定中，中國(guó)首次同意結(jié)束長(zhǎng)期以來強(qiáng)迫或施壓外國(guó)公司向中國(guó)公司轉(zhuǎn)讓技術(shù)并以此作為獲得市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入、行政審批或獲得政府優(yōu)勢(shì)的條件的做法。 中國(guó)還承諾在行政訴訟中提供透明、公平和正當(dāng)程序，并在市場(chǎng)法則下進(jìn)行技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓和許可。 此外，中國(guó)還承諾不根據(jù)造成扭曲的產(chǎn)業(yè)計(jì)劃，指導(dǎo)或支持旨在獲取外國(guó)技術(shù)的對(duì)外投資。

 3. Agriculture: The Agriculture Chapter addresses structural barriers to trade and will support a dramatic expansion of U.S. food, agriculture and seafood product exports, increasing American farmand fishery income, generating more rural economic activity, and promoting job growth. A multitude of non-tariff barriers to U.S. agriculture and seafood products are addressed, including for meat, poultry, seafood, rice, dairy, infant formula, horticultural products, animal feed and feed additives, petfood, and products of agriculture biotechnology. 

農(nóng)業(yè):農(nóng)業(yè)章節(jié)涉及貿(mào)易的結(jié)構(gòu)性壁壘，并將支持美國(guó)食品、農(nóng)業(yè)和海產(chǎn)品出口的大幅擴(kuò)大，增加美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)收入，創(chuàng)造更多的農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，促進(jìn)就業(yè)增長(zhǎng)。 針對(duì)美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)和海鮮產(chǎn)品的眾多非關(guān)稅壁壘將得到解決，包括肉類、家禽、海鮮、大米、奶制品、嬰兒配方奶粉、園藝產(chǎn)品、動(dòng)物飼料和飼料添加劑、寵物食品以及農(nóng)業(yè)生物技術(shù)產(chǎn)品。 

4. Financial Services: The Financial Services chapter addresses a number of longstanding trade and investment barriers to U.S. providers of a wide range of financial services, including banking, insurance, securities, and credit rating services, among others. These barriers include foreign equity limitations and discriminatory regulatory requirements. Removal of these barriers should allow U.S. financial service providers to compete on a more level playing field and expand their services export offerings in the Chinese market. 

金融服務(wù):金融服務(wù)章節(jié)處理美國(guó)金融服務(wù)提供商長(zhǎng)期存在的貿(mào)易和投資壁壘，包括銀行、保險(xiǎn)、證券和信用評(píng)級(jí)等服務(wù)，包括： 外國(guó)股本限制和歧視性監(jiān)管要求。 消除這些障礙將使美國(guó)金融服務(wù)提供商能夠在更公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境中競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，并擴(kuò)大它們?cè)谥袊?guó)市場(chǎng)的服務(wù)出口產(chǎn)品。 

5. Currency: The chapter on Macroeconomic Policies and Exchange Rate Matters includes policy and transparency commitments on currency issues. The chapter addresses unfair currency practices by requiring high-standard commitments to refrain from competitive devaluations and targeting of exchange rates, while significantly increasing transparency and providing mechanisms for accountability and enforcement. This approach will help reinforce macroeconomic and exchange rate stability and ensure that China cannot use currency practices to unfairly compete against U.S. exporters. 

貨幣:關(guān)于“宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和匯率事項(xiàng)”的章節(jié)包括有關(guān)貨幣問題的政策和透明度承諾。 這一章針對(duì)（中國(guó)）不公平的匯率做法，要求作出高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的承諾，避免競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性貶值和（設(shè)置）匯率目標(biāo)，同時(shí)顯著提高透明度，并提供問責(zé)和執(zhí)行機(jī)制。 這種做法將有助于加強(qiáng)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和匯率穩(wěn)定，并確保中國(guó)不會(huì)利用匯率手段不公平地與美國(guó)出口商競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。 

6. Expanding Trade: The Expanding Trade chapter includes commitments from China toimport various U.S. goods and services over the next two years in a total amount that exceeds China’s annual level of imports for those goods and services in 2017 by no less than $200 billion. China’s commitments cover a variety of U.S. manufactured goods, food, agricultural and seafood products, energy products, and services. China’s increased imports of U.S. goods and services are expected to continue on this same trajectory for several years after 2021 and should contribute significantly to the rebalancing of the U.S.-China trade relationship.

 擴(kuò)大貿(mào)易:本章的內(nèi)容包括： 中國(guó)承諾在未來兩年內(nèi)進(jìn)口美國(guó)各種商品和服務(wù)，總額在中國(guó)2017年對(duì)這些商品和服務(wù)的年度進(jìn)口額的基礎(chǔ)上增加不低于2000億美元。 中國(guó)的承諾包括美國(guó)制造的各種產(chǎn)品、食品、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和海產(chǎn)品、能源產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。 中國(guó)對(duì)美國(guó)商品和服務(wù)進(jìn)口的增加預(yù)計(jì)將在2021年后的幾年里繼續(xù)保持這一趨勢(shì)，并將對(duì)美中貿(mào)易關(guān)系的再平衡做出重大貢獻(xiàn)。

7. Dispute Resolution: The Dispute Resolution chapter sets forth an arrangement to ensure the effective implementation of the agreement and to allow the parties to resolve disputes in a fair and expeditious manner. This arrangement creates regular bilateral consultations at both the principal level and the workinglevel. It also establishes strong procedures for addressing disputes related to the agreement and allows each party to take proportionate responsive actions that it deems appropriate. 

爭(zhēng)端解決:本章做了一些安排，以確保本協(xié)定得到有效執(zhí)行，并允許各方以公平和快速的方式解決爭(zhēng)端。 這一安排在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層級(jí)別和執(zhí)行層面建立了定期雙邊磋商機(jī)制。 它還為處理與協(xié)議有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)端建立了強(qiáng)有力的程序，并允許每一當(dāng)事方采取它認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)南鄳?yīng)行動(dòng)。

文章來源：宇觀新時(shí)代