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中國反興奮劑中心：加大對美國田徑運動員興奮劑檢查頻率，重樹全球運動員對公平競賽的信心

我們注意到國內外相關媒體報道了有關美國奧運田徑新星埃里揚·奈頓興奮劑陽性案件的具體情況，同時美國反興奮劑機構（USADA）也針對該案件公開進行了回應。但我們發現目前該案件仍存在諸多疑點，例如USADA負責人公然宣稱，群勃龍在美國和世界其他地區都是一種眾所周知的牲畜生長促進劑。為什么近年來全球發生了數以百計的群勃龍陽性，只有極少數美國運動員基于USADA的調查結果和肉食品污染的主張逃脫了禁賽處罰？為什么USADA沒有向美國運動員予以任何關于肉食品中群勃龍污染的風險警示？

如果群勃龍在美國是一個常見的污染物質，中國反興奮劑中心提醒包括美國在內的各國運動員，在美國訓練比賽時密切關注該國的肉類食品污染問題，在美期間加強興奮劑風險防范，慎重食用肉類制品。否則也許會像得到USADA庇護的美國游泳運動員菲爾普斯在近期采訪中所建議的：如果興奮劑檢測結果呈陽性，就永遠不能再參加比賽，一切都結束了。

此外，奈頓被USADA單方面“寬恕”也體現出另一種擔憂：即美國田徑項目頻頻出現使用興奮劑的丑聞，且USADA在處理興奮劑案件的方式上存在前后矛盾和解釋可疑的問題。據公開報道，美國九枚奧運金牌得主卡爾·劉易斯曾承認，盡管在1988年漢城奧運會前三次檢測均呈陽性，但最終還是被“網開一面”，順利代表了美國前往漢城。雅典奧運會百米冠軍賈斯汀·加特林兩度被查出陽性，按規定應當受到終身禁賽的處罰，但USADA卻為其“極力開脫”，最終把禁賽期縮短為４年。2003年，美國舊金山巴爾科實驗室曝出重創世界體壇的禁藥丑聞，實驗室負責人孔特供出的客戶名單中包括百米女飛人馬里昂·瓊斯、前男子百米世界紀錄保持者蒂姆·蒙哥馬利、加特林等多名美國田徑世界冠軍，引發了國際社會對于美國體育界濫用興奮劑的擔憂。吉爾·羅伯茨曾獲里約奧運會4x400米接力金牌，2017年他以和女友接吻所致興奮劑陽性為由，得到了USADA的“赦免”。然而，羅伯茨在2022年再次被查出服用違禁藥物，被處以禁賽16個月的處罰。2023年復出僅僅8個月，羅伯茨又因興奮劑陽性被處以8年禁賽。另外值得關注的是，今年4月，美國田徑選手阿爾德里奇·拜利賽外檢查呈雄激素受體調節劑奧司他林陽性，USADA認定是由于運動員使用的氯丁橡膠大腿壓縮袖受到了污染。相關事實表明，奧司他林并不是一種常見的污染物質。

鑒于美國田徑領域根深蒂固的種種“污點”，以及USADA屢次置程序和標準于不顧，我們有理由懷疑美國田徑領域存在系統性使用興奮劑的問題，美國田徑領域的興奮劑陽性事件值得持續徹查和關注。正如WADA主席班卡所強調的：“世界各地執法機構都已告訴WADA，美國是一個銷售和分銷提高成績藥物的巨大市場。”又正如世界反興奮劑機構在近期發表的聲明中提到，在東京奧運會賽前的一年中，31%的美國運動員沒有得到充分的興奮劑檢測?；谝陨锨闆r，我們強烈呼吁國際檢測機構（ITA）在巴黎奧運會期間加大對于美國田徑運動員的興奮劑檢查頻率，同時強烈建議田徑誠信委員會（AIU）加強對于美國田徑運動項目的反興奮劑監管，嚴防嚴查其運動員興奮劑問題隱患，切實維護各國干凈運動員的合法權益，重樹全球運動員對公平競賽的信心。

Intensify Testing on U.S. Athletics, and Rebuild Global Trust In Fair Play

China Anti-Doping Agency (CHINADA) noticed that the specifics of the U.S. Olympic sprinting star Erriyon Knighton’s positive test have been widely reported by media at home and abroad, following which the United Stated Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) made a public statement on the case. However, there are still a number of question marks surrounding the case. One example is that the USADA CEO said blatantly that “trenbolone is a well-known livestock enhancer in the U.S. and other parts of the world”. Now that hundreds of positive tests for trenbolone have taken place in recent years worldwide, why is it that only a very small number of U.S. athletes have escaped sanctions based on USADA’s investigation findings and claims of meat contamination? Why hasn’t USADA ever warned American athletes about the risk of contamination of trenbolone in meat?

If trenbolone is indeed a common contaminant in the United States, CHINADA would like to remind athletes from all over the world, including American athletes, to pay close attention to the meat contamination problem in the country when training and competing there, to strengthen doping risk prevention measures, and to eat meat products with caution. Otherwise, as the American swimmer Michael Phelps—under the wing of USADA—suggested in a recent interview, “if you test positive, you should never be allowed to come back and compete again, cut and dry”. 

In addition, the fact that Knighton was unilaterally exonerated by USADA also reflects another concern: doping scandals have been too frequently seen on U.S. athletics, and USADA’s handling of these doping case has been inconsistent and questionable. According to public available information, Carl Lewis, the nine-time U.S. Olympic gold medalist, once acknowledged that despite testing positive three times before the 1988 Seoul Olympics, he was eventually “let off the hook” and represented the United States in Seoul. The Olympic 100m champion Justin Gatlin, who failed two doping tests and should have been banned for life according to relevant rules, was finally given a four-year period of ineligibility after USADA’s exculpatory efforts. In 2003, the a shocking doping scandal that hit the sports world exploded from The Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO) in San Francisco, whose founder Conte provided a list of professional athletes buying their performance-enhancing drugs, including Marion Jones, the women’s 100-meter sprinting giant, Tim Montgomery, former world record holder for men’s 100-meter, Gatlin as mentioned above, and many other world champions in athletics. The BALCO scandal has triggered widespread concerns from the international community about doping in the U.S. sports field. Gil Roberts, once part of the U.S. 4x400 relay team that won gold at the 2016 Rio Olympics, was cleared by USADA in 2017 by claiming that his positive test was caused by kissing of his girlfriend. However, Roberts was found to have taken a banned substance again in 2022 and was given a 16-month ineligibility. Just eight months after his return in 2023, Roberts was again given an eight-year eligibility for a failing test. It is also worth noting that this April, the American track and field athlete Aldrich Bailey tested positive for ostarine, an androgen receptor modulator, during an out-of-competition test. It was then decided by USADA that the positive test was due to contaminated neoprene hamstring sleeves used by the athletes. However, ostarine is not a common contaminant, as facts show.

Given the deep-rooted stains in the U.S. athletics and USADA’s repeated disregard for procedures and standards, there is reason to suspect that there is a systemic doping problem in track and field in the United States and the positive cases therein deserve continuous investigation and attention. As pointed out by the President of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), Mr. Witold Bańka, data collected in project involving law enforcement agencies and National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs) in Europe revealed that the U.S. is one of the world’s largest markets for illicit steroids and performance-enhancing drugs. Also pointed out by WADA in a recent statement, 31% of American athletes were not sufficiently tested in the 12 month-period prior to the Tokyo Games. In light of the above, we strongly call on the International Testing Agency (ITA) to intensify testing on the U.S. track and field athletes. We also strongly recommend that the Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU) strengthen anti-doping supervision of the U.S. track and field, prevent the doping risks and strictly investigate relevant cases, in an endeavor to truly protect the legitimate rights and interests of the cleans athletes around the world, and to rebuild the trust of global athletes in fair play.

來源：中國反興奮劑中心   圖片來源網絡 侵刪